Mother's Day...

... a.k.a the tale of two cakes.

First of all, happy (late) mother's day to all the mom's out there. :)

(And a happy 16th birthday to my favorite cousin named Katie!)

As I'm sure the majority of you are well aware, yesterday was the celebration of those hard working women we love so dearly... our moms! :D In my house we celebrated with me stuck in the kitchen. Well... not stuck, as I am the one who put myself there... but I was there practically all day.

We started the day off with smoked salmon scramble, peach nutmeg scones, and (of course) cafe au lait. The salmon was smoked on Thursday along with some almonds, pecans, and pine nuts. (Post meatloaf smoke. HOLY CRAP! Was that delicious! I highly recommend that anyone who has or can get their hands on a smoker try smoking a meatloaf. It's got a wonderful smokey exterior (made smokier by a home made barbecue sauce) with a juicy, melt-in-your-mouth interior. A friend of my dad told him that once you smoke your first meatloaf, you will never want to have a regular, run-of-the-mill meatloaf again... and I think I must agree with him.) The nuts were actually pretty good for just throwing them on the smoker. My favorite were the pecans because they seemed to retain more of the smokey flavor than the almonds, but both were good and the two large bags we smoked disappeared in days. It's definitely something that will be done again, especially because they're so easy to make.

Okay, so... onto dinner. I had planned on grilling pork tenderloin wrapped in pancetta, served alongside sauteed asparagus, risotto, and a green salad. HOWEVER, My trek to the local market led me to three possible vendors to buy said pancetta from... and they were all out! Each one of them had a sad, empty opening where the sign read "pancetta". Not to mention, the market was utterly packed full of people. I had to stand in long, looping lines just to get to the counter and realize the items I needed were not there. Woe is me. :( All was not lost, though, because when I got home, I whipped out the "Webber's Big Book of Grilling" again and decided upon a recipe entitled "Disappearing Tenderloin", how could I pass up a promising name like that? This recipe called for a two-hour marinade period followed by a rub and about 25 minutes on the grill. Wow. That was superb! I think I much rather prefer this one to the one that would have been wrapped in pancetta. Maybe the North Market was trying to tell me that. ;)

The risotto was kind of made up in my head. I used the basic recipe for risotto from my mother's simply named "Risotto" cookbook. But, I simply used that to get the proportions of rice to stock, then I just added my own ingredients based on my knowledge of risottos. Wanting to keep it light and simple, to compliment and not overwhelm the delectable pork, I went with a red pepper and baby garlic risotto. My aunt and uncle down the street have a crop of garlic that overtakes the very back of their garden every spring. The early garlics look almost like scallions, but taste intensely of garlic. We are a family that obsesses over garlic, so these are like heaven to us and I have been attempting to use them in any dish I can. (The eggs I made had chopped up baby garlics in them instead of leaks that the recipe called for.) Anywho, looking to experiment a little with spices, I added a bit of cinnamon, ground allspice (love the scent), a bit of smokey paprika, and some cayenne for heat. It was a decent risotto. I enjoyed the little kick from the cayenne, but other than the smokiness from the paprika, that was really the only spice I could taste.

Dessert, oh dessert.

My mom loves lemon (and can't stomach chocolate, unless it is frozen and has at least a 60% cocoa content). I try to make her a new lemon cake every year (mainly because I don't like making the same thing twice, I get too bored with it). This year, I definitely did not turn out the best product... I think I'm still a little partial to the lemon curd filled, whipped cream/white chocolate iced, and pistachio brittle coated cake I made a few years back from Bon Appetit. This year's cake wasn't bad (actually quite delicious), it just wasn't one of the best... and caused too much grief... here's why...

Cake layer #1. (The other layer from this batch is more than half eaten. :P) This is one of the layers I made in the morning. Cake flour is not something that we have on hand here often, so I usually just use regular, all-purpose flour for my baking and that usually works fine. However, I may have to dedicate myself to making the perfect, fluffy cake this summer and in order to do that I probably need to purchase some cake flour, eh? This cake was pretty dense and that probably has something to do with the flour... or maybe it's just supposed to be dense? Clearly, though, this layer is too thin to even have considered using it for my cake. (Although I had considered it before I removed it from the pan and saw just how depressingly thin it was.) How sad would that flat thing have looked? (Pretty darn pathetic, if you ask me.) So I decided to go for round two, this time I would be more careful about whipping the butter enough, gently add the flour/milk, and not over beat it. I also changed the size of my pan as I think I was using a 10" round where I should have been using an 8"... whoops.

This second cake baked up higher/thicker, but I think that largely had to do with the decrease in pan size, because the denseness of the cake did not change much. Thus, I've come to the conclusion that, for my next cake, I am in dire need of cake flour. Everyone raved about this one (my mom even said she thinks it's the best lemon cake yet, but I don't think she has a clear memory of the previous ones :P), but I don't think that would have been the case without the frosting. The frosting was, by far, the best part of the cake. Whipping cream, whipped up with confectioners sugar and folded into lemon curd. Wow. So yummy! The lemon curd was very tart as that's the way I like it... I'm not a fan of the overly sweet... which added some much needed depth to the cake. I practically had a whole slice of cake while I was decorating, nibbling on the bits I cut off to the level the layers and dipping it into excess frosting. 8D (<--- that's me... wide eyed and beaming with delight at my pre-dinner snack.)

This picture probably represents the extent of my artistic ability when it come to photography. I wanted to showcase the drastic change in height of the cake layers. (Look how flat that baby is!!!) Maybe I should outsource my photography to a friend... I have just the one in mind... but she'd have to work for Monopoly money (not to be confused with Canadian money) as I am pretty much dead broke. Check out her skills on her blog anyways, because she does some extremely excellent work. Right now she's working on her latest passion, food photography for her final project at CCAD. She hopes to put together a sellable cookbook (along with her chef boyfriend) featuring her beautiful photography and his excellent cuisine made with fresh, local ingredients. She's pretty awesome. :)

This picture I liked because you can see some of the yellow flecks in the frosting from the lemon rind. Yum yum yum.

Oh, another missing aspect of this cake was candied orchids. I have never candied a flower and was in need of organic orchids, which I could not find and was not in the mood to trek all over for. They would have been wonderful an added a little more visual interest, but ultimately would not have added much to the final product, so I'm pretty content in not having gotten a hold of them.

I wish I had taken pictures of dinner to share with you all, but it seems to be too much work to slave over dinner and then wait another 45 minutes or so to eat because I'm setting up and taking pictures. Huff! I am tired just thinking about the extra work. How do all these bloggers find the time to continuously update and manage to fit in exquisite pictures. I guess I'm still an amateur.

More to come soon, I hope. :P

P.S

I have to mention that there was a slight competition for cakes this year. I had set out to make a Persian Love cake that I have been gawking at for years now on the epicurious website. However, in the end I opted to keep this relatively new tradition alive and make a lemon layer cake. The Persian cake will have to come later this summer... but don't worry... it will get made... and pictures will be shared. :)

Summer is Within Reach!!

Dear whomever is reading this blog,

I know I have been slacking on the blog front... but most definitely not on the making and eating food front. :P

HOWEVER...

Summer is fast approaching... which means more time for cooking, baking, picture-taking, and blogging! Yes!

Get pumped for more adventures in my kitchen. :P (I know I am exciteded to regale them to you.)

Anxiously awaiting summer break,

Abbie

P.S

I felt there needed to be a picture here... so here is le gran inspiracion... my Grandma Leah. :)

Clearly this is not a current picture of her... but it was her favorite of herself and I love it.

I love you grandma and all that you taught me.

Sourdough Bread, The Final Frontier

Hello Blogosphere!!!

I know I've previously had a longer hiatus on here than one week... but since blogging so frequently for the week I was on break and then returning to reality, which means classes suck any life out of me that I may have... I don't know... It just feels that I have not written a new post in ages. And boy do I have so much to tell! I haven't let my studies get in the way of making food and thinking about food... constantly! :)

(Last night my roommate made dinner and I decided to attempt a lighter New York cheesecake recipe courtesy of Cooks Illustrated... hopefully I'll have the time to embellish with another post... but it was less than perfect. I feel a bit disappointed with my friends at Cooks Illustrated. I value their food intelligence and research into their recipe to come up with the perfect product... but this cheesecake fell short of my expectations. Again... I'll get to that at a later date... just know that I have not been slacking in the food department... just the written portion of it. :P)

So this is it. (Michael Jackson reference, anyone?) All my love and devotion... to produce this sorry looking frisbee. (With an ode to the King, himself in the background.) What happened? Why did my lovely yeast buddies fail to produce the beautifully rounded boules that King Arthur promised me would come from all my hard work?

For one thing, I think the loaf was waaay too massive. Can you see that? It's huge. Maybe the pressure of it's size was just too much for those little yeast creatures to keep up with, and it collapsed. Also, my inexperience no doubt led to this conclusion. The process of shaping the boule (the term for the sourdough loaf I made) involved a lot of kneading and tightening to produce a taught, round ball. I'm thinking my ball could most definitely have been tighter. I was too afraid to harm the live cultures inside my bread with too much force. Next time I wont be so nice... next time I'll make sure to exert more power while kneading. Thirdly... I didn't have all the proper tools to bake off the bread. I'm not quite sure it really matters that much, as I did some other research (on epicurious) and there was no mention of it, but I lacked a spray bottle. Sir Arthur, King of Flour tells me that to produce the proper, hearth-like environment for a sourdough loaf, you need three things. A baking/pizza stone, the heat from the stone (that is heating in the oven while the oven gets hot) immediately transfers to the bread which catalyzes an instant reaction within the yeast and causes it to rise significantly in the first few minutes of baking. A cast iron skillet below the stone, when you're putting the bread on the stone, simultaneously... with one of the three extra arms you've now sprouted to accomplish this... you're too fill the also heated skillet with a half cup of water to create a steam-filled environment. The last item I was told to have was said squeeze bottle of water. This is to add a bit more steam in the beginning process of baking. (The first ten minutes is the only time the steam is utilized in the baking process.) However, poor little me got out of class too late and the dollar store was closed, which is where I planned on buying myself a spray bottle. (Actually, I went there a few days ago, to buy the bottle... and, having failed to visit an ATM post Jean Talon... I was completely out of monetary funds... and barely had a dollar to cover my purchase. :P)

Anyways, I'm not sure the spray bottle is completely necessary, but next time I'll be prepared with all the tools. I'll probably halve the recipe too to make a smaller, more manageable loaf.

Oh... the other mishap I ran into was that I neglected to fully read through the recipe and calculate how much time it would take to prepare and then bake the bread. I would like to have done it all in one day, but I didn't start the process until later in the day and had to stash the rising boule in the fridge over night. I think that might have added to my failure a bit. In the fridge, the loaf looked beautifully risen and plump, but then I took it out of the fridge to come to room temperature, released it from its plastic wrap confines, and it began to fall.

Basically, I think a large portion of my problem came from the massive size of said loaf. Next time it will definitely be made smaller. Hopefully that adds to my success.

Look at it, though. The inside did have quite a nice texture and good amount of air pockets. This is the picture I would share with others to make myself out to be a professional... who knows what she's doing. Aside from the obvious lack in height... you can hardly tell it looks like a nicely browned frisbee. :P

Or this one... I'd share this picture to strangers to impress them as well.

I must say... this slight failure has not deterred me from trying again. Au contraire, I am actually more excited to make the second one. The flavor that this first loaf wielded was not very sour at all. Being a young starter, I guess that's to be expected. Now, I've been feeding my little yeast babes for an extra week (every day... who would have thought that maintaing a starter would be so expensive?)... they should have developed a more sour flavor now that they're more mature. I like my sourdough breads more on the sour side. Then again, I'm not sure what kind of intensity I can expect to achieve in the sour department. The King tells me that depending on your location, your starter can adapt different characteristics depending on the bacteria and yeast cultures that are available in your surroundings. Certain states (or countries for that matter) produce different flavored sourdoughs. I'm hoping to increase the sour-ness quite a bit though... but I'll keep you all updated.

Alright... off to do some research. No... not the productive, school-related kind of research. My building is having a bake-off tomorrow and I'm thinking of entering... only if I can find the perfect, wow-them-all recipe. So I must get crakin'.

I hope to have the time to do a couple more posts this weekend... but I do have a bunch of other work I should PROBABLY get out of the way (and by probably... I mean most definitely). So... we'll see.

Sourdough Starter, Day 7

Faster than oozing molasses.

More powerful than a glass of water.

Able to raise whole loaves of bread in the oven.

Look! All over the bottom of the oven!

It's spilled milk! It's cake batter! It's my sourdough starter!

I woke up this morning, ready to make my latte and inspect my starter. Not wanting to disturb the activity of the starter, I decided I wouldn't take it out of the oven until after my latte was made and I was ready for the photo shoot. (I usually, take it out, look at it, then replace it in the oven while I'm preparing said latte.) Ha ha. Silly me. I should have known that any plans I had would not have been fulfilled. One glance at the oven and I saw a mass of starter all over the bottom. :( Who would have thought that it would increase in volume so much over night? It might have been that I put it back in the oven too soon after using it for roast chicken last night. The hotter than normal environment could have been too much for my poor yeasty buddies and they went into hyperactive mode... expanding like mad.

Luckily, it was fairly easily cleaned and minimal damage occurred. :)

Yes... those caked on lines of starter goo are the remnants of what had oozed over the top of my jar. That top is a screw on lid, I might add. This baby really wanted to escape! :P

Look at that bubbling activity, though. I am so excited because I did not think that the starter would be this advanced by today, day 7, the final day of feeding. :) Maybe that little extra heat did it a bit of good.

Sir Arthur tells the starter should smell and taste sharply sour. Boy does it ever! What a drastic change in both from yesterday. For that matter... there've been drastic changes all around... in appearance, smell, and taste. The amount of fizzy bubbles have increased ten fold to cover the entire surface of the starter and even permeate throughout its contents.

Since my little pet is ready to begin the actual process of making bread, Sir Arthur, King of Flour tells me to discard all but 4 ounces (or 1/2 cup) of the starter and add to it 1 cup (8 oz.) warm water and a scant 2 cups (8 oz.) all-purpose flour. Then I wait... again... for another 6 to 8 hours. At this point, says the King, "the starter should be active, with bubbles breaking on the surface." Touching it will provide evidence that the gluten has formed as it should feel "somewhat elastic". When it has reached this stage, I will either use it, or place it on one of the two maintenance schedules he recommends. I'll probably opt to make my first loaf at this time.... wish me luck.

Now it's off to ponder my pizza stone dilemma... and buy more all-purpose flour. :)

Sourdough Starter, Day 6

"Walk this way, talk this way! Walk this way... just give me some head!"

Really Run DMC? Really? I had no idea these lyrics were so dirty... actually, I guess I did and I should have expected this line, but I was listening to "Walk This Way" this morning and this line just caught me totally off guard. I always find it funny when songs have blatant sexual references... especially where I don't expect them.

Okay... on to day six of my sourdough starter shenanigans...

Yesterday was almost catastrophic for my yeasty friends. Since I'm keeping the starter in the oven, I've placed a large sticky note on it reminding my roommates to be aware and take proper precautions so as to not bake up my starter as they are warming the oven. The sticky note was on the handle of the oven (I have since moved it to cover the actual oven controls)... clearly that was the wrong place for said reminder. I was sitting innocently at my computer when I began to hear the beeping of the oven heating up. It didn't register in my mind what the noise was immediately so I let it go for a bit... then sprang to my feet to rescue my poor starter. Luckily, it wasn't in there for very long, and the next feeding was only hours away so I could scoop out the hardened clumps that had formed in the heat. Today the starter looks unharmed... and has still been bubbling away, so I'm remaining optimistic that all is still well. The new placement of the sticky note is sure to catch everyone's attention, there's no way this mishap can possibly happen again. Phew!

So here it is. It's kind of evident by the larger size of the bubbles that the mixture has definitely thickened a lot. It's very gloopy (<-- that's a technical term, people). The smell is slightly sour and the flavor is actually beginning to resemble that of sourdough.

Tomorrow is day seven, and is supposed to be the final day of the starter process... but I don't think my yeasty mates will be ready for the bread making process. That, and since I am approaching the end, nearing the actual making of the bread, I am beginning to worry about how to carry out the baking. Sir Arthur, King of Flour tells me that I need such supplies as a pizza stone. The stone, being super hot from warming in the oven, immediately allows heat to flow from it to the loaf which apparently sends the yeast into a "feeding frenzy"... causing the bread to "rise dramatically". The good news, my brother and his girlfriend gave me a b-e-a-u-tiful pizza stone for Christmas... the bad news, having to Greyhound back to Montreal, there simply was no room for said pizza stone... thus it remains in Ohio... yearning for my crappy apartment oven and the chance to aid in the process of sourdough bread making.

So... somehow I have to figure out how to tackle this problem. Either way, I will probably be feeding my starter for at least another two or three days... ergo I can prolong the solving of this dilemma for now.

I had to (pad) thai it...

Ha ha ha. How clever I am with that title. :P Well... I thought it was witty, anyways.

The first time I made pad thai was the last time as the recipe was quite horrendous. I don't really recall the flavor (except that it wasn't very good), or appearance for that matter, (it was many a years ago)... but the main thing I do remember is the handful of strange ingredients that required running all over creation to find. One of the items called for was some odd pickled item that was a strange bright green... I think it might have been little pearl onions (but probably not).. either way, it was strange... and green was most definitely not the color nature intended it to be. Where on Earth did I get that recipe? And why did I think it would be a good one? It's amazing the insight and skill a few years of experience will give you.

Having made those wonderful spring rolls (I'm really loving this whole linkage tool) I had a lot of bean sprouts left over (and still do, as a matter of fact). The first thing that popped into my head to utilize these sprouts was Pad thai, naturally, right? :P That left me with the task of finding a suitable recipe... with less extravagant ingredients. My first instinct (again... going off my love for the beloved Bittman) was to turn to 'How to Cook Everything', but, seeing as his recipe seemed to be a bit plain, I took to the internet for some more ideas. Mah-vel-ous, this idea was (<--- my ode to Yoda), as it gave me the idea to add a little extra heat with asian chili sauce, a little sweetness with tamarind concentrate, and a bit more crunch and flavor with some scallions. Actually, the next time I make this, I think I will omit the tamarind concentrate, or at least mix it with a bit of water before hand. Even though I mixed the concentrate with the fish sauce and sugar (in attempts to loosen it up a bit), I think it mostly absorbed the fish sauce and stayed rather clumpy... creating random bites of over-sweetness.

I made this last night and was a bit disappointed with it then, but giving it time to rest in the refrigerator overnight ended up doing a world of good. Eating it for lunch today was more enjoyable than dinner last night, I'd say.

Onto the recipe... before we go there, though, it's important to say that you MUST have all your ingredients prepared and ready to add to your hot pan. There is NO time for prep during the cooking process lest you want to scorch your ingredients. That being said, once the rice noodles are soaked and your ingredients prepped, the cooking advances extremely quickly... and there's not much prep, so, minus soaking the noodles, this recipe really only takes about ten minutes. (It's also important to read through the recipe a few times so you know what you're doing. I can't stress how quickly this cooks up once you get going.)

Pad Thai

Makes 4 servings (I halved this recipe for myself)

Adapted from Mark Bittman's 'How to Cook Everything' (tweaked slightly by me)

Ingredients

• 12 ounces rice noodles, preferably vermicelli
• 3 Tablespoons peanut (preferred) or other oil
• 2 Tablespoons minced garlic
• 4 scallions, cut on the diagonal into about 1/2 inch pieces (reserve one for garnish)
• 1 cup peeled, large shrimp, roughly chopped (or use small shrimp and leave whole)
• 2 eggs, lightly beaten
• 2 Tablespoons fish sauce (nuoc mam or nam pla, available at Asian markets)
• 1 Tablespoon sugar
• 1 Tablespoon asian chili sauce (I used a bit more... and then garnished with more as well.. I like it spicy)
• 1-2 Tablespoons tamarind concentrate
• salt, if needed
• 1 1/2 cup mung bean sprouts (I should also say that bean sprouts most definitely do not last very long, even in the fridge)
• 1/4 cup roasted salted peanuts, chopped (I had left over unsalted peanuts from the spring rolls which I used)
• 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes, or to taste
• Minced cilantro leaves (this is essential in my opinion)
• 2 limes or lemons, quartered (I opted for limes)

Preparation

Soak the noodles in warm water to cover until soft; this will take from 15 to 30 minutes. You can change the water once or twice to hasten the process slightly. (I soaked mine for about 18 minutes, changing the water once.) Drain thoroughly, then toss with half the oil.

(REMEMBER: PREPARE ALL THE INGREDIENTS BEFORE HAND. This includes mixing together the fish sauce, sugar, chili sauce, and tamarind concentrate so there is no fumbling to measure these ingredients once you get going.) Heat the remaining oil over medium-high heat in a wok or large, deep non-stick skillet, for a minute or so until the first wisp of smoke appears. Add the garlic and scallions and cook, stirring, for 30 seconds. Add the shrimp and cook, stirring, for another 30 seconds; don't worry about fully cooking the shrimp.

Add the eggs and let sit for 15 seconds or so, until they begin to set. Then scramble with the shrimp, garlic, and scallions, breaking up any large clumps. Add the fish sauce, sugar, tamarind concentrate, and chili sauce and cook, stirring, for 15 seconds. Add the noodles and toss and cook until heated through. Taste and add salt as needed. Add 1 cup of bean sprouts and toss to distribute through the noodles.

Turn the noodles out onto a platter and garnish with the remaining bean sprouts, the peanuts, the remaining scallion, a sprinkling of crushed red pepper flakes, and some cilantro. Squeeze some lemon or lime juice all over and serve, passing more lemon or lime around separately.

Mmmm... pull out those chop sticks and enjoy. :)

Sourdough Starter, Day 4 and 5

Oh the bounty I have reaped from Jean Talon Market. :) Payed a visit to my local vendors yesterday to stock up in case of an impending blizzard (too bad it was pretty much already blizzarding (and hailing on the way back) yesterday). Going to the market is pretty much a work out in itself... or at least the coming back bit... if you're me, that is, and fill a backpack and large Trader Joe's bag full delicious veggies and the like... my shoulders are still in pain. Boy is it worth it though (except for maybe the tripping up the metro stairs... I could have done without that). Listened to Radio Lab's "Numbers" podcast at the market and learned about Frank Benford who discovered a "cosmic preference for certain numbers" and Paul Erdos, a curious mathematician who wrote more mathematical papers with more people than anyone and as a result, there exists a relationship between him and many other mathematicians... like the six degrees of separation. It was an interesting episode. (Although... it took me twice as long to listen to it as I was so engulfed in my surroundings that I had to essentially restart it on my way home.)

Anyways...

Wednesday marked the first day of my starter's twice a day feedings with all-purpose flour. The King of Flour (King Arthur) tells me that this is because the rye flour developed the yeast and the all-purpose flour is now feeding said yeast. For me, doubling the feeding essentially means doubling my love and attention for my new friends. :P I wake up every morning thinking of my starter, enter the kitchen and strike up a conversation... well... not a conversation... let's remember, I'm not crazy. More like a "hello, buddies. How are you? Are you comfortable? Hungry? Doing well?" That sort of thing... and of course, it is pretty much one sided... but again... gardeners talk to their plants, do they not... so why can't I talk to my developing (or hopefully so) yeast?

I've combined days 4 and 5 mainly because I began to write this yesterday... eked out one sentence... and then stopped from exhaustion. Ha. But also, the starter has not changed much in appearance since yesterday... so these pictures and descriptions serve double duty.

This is a curious process because every time I discard and feed it, the mixture gets thick and gloopy, but as it rests and feeds for about 8 hours, the mix thins out... while still maintaining some of its elasticity. The smell, also, has mellowed out a bit and is far less pungent... almost smelling sourdoughy. Dare I mention the taste...? Or rather... dare I mention that I tasted it a bit when it was just the rye flour and water? I couldn't help it... Sir Arthur mentioned how it should taste after a week and I had to have something to compare it to. (I taste EVERYTHING... I make cheese and peanut butter treats for my dog occasionally (separately, of course... not so sure I'd be okay with feeding my dog a cheese-peanut butter combo... not that she wouldn't gobble them up and look back up at me with a face that says "what... no more?") and since they actually taste decently good... I decided a while back that I had to compare them to store bought dog treats. BAD IDEA! Boxed dog treats taste utterly disgusting. What do they put in them? And why do dogs like them?) The starter on days 2 and 3 tastes almost like it smells... not so pleasant. However, I can happily say that today my starter is beginning to taste like actual sourdough. :D

The color is more agreeable as well. No more unsightly discoloration and and strange dissociation. There doesn't appear to be as much activity now as there was the first couple of days, though. The bubbles are smaller and changes in appearance less drastic. But I guess it's good that there are still bubbles of any sort... signifying some feeding frenzy going on in the inter-workings of the flour.

This whole process is quite fascinating to me. Who would have thought that flour had so much liveliness within it? By the time my starter is fully developed, it will be strong enough to raise a loaf of bread, sans store bought yeast. How cool is that?